什么是乳房磁共振成像(MRI)?

How does an MRI work?

The MRI machine is a large, cylindrical (tube-shaped) machine that creates 推荐十大正规网赌平台周围有很强的磁场. 磁场，以及 radio waves, alters the hydrogen atoms' natural alignment in the body. Computers are then used to form a two-dimensional (2D) image of a body 以氢原子活性为基础的结构或器官. 可以获得横断面视图以显示进一步的细节. MRI does not use radiation.

A magnetic field is created and pulses of radio waves are sent from a scanner. 无线电波把你体内的原子核敲出来 their normal position. 当原子核重新排列到合适的位置时，它们 send out radio signals. 这些信号被一台计算机接收 analyzes and converts them into an image of the part of the body being examined. 此图像出现在观看监视器上. Some MRI machines look 比如狭窄的隧道，而另一些则更宽敞或更宽.

How does a breast MRI work?

乳房核磁共振检查有哪些风险?

由于不使用辐射，在核磁共振成像过程中没有暴露于辐射的风险. Each patient must be screened before exposure to the MRI magnetic field.

由于使用了强力磁铁, 对装有某些植入装置(如心脏起搏器或人工耳蜗)的推荐十大正规网赌平台进行核磁共振检查时，必须采取特殊的预防措施. The MRI technologist will need some information regarding the implanted device, 比如品牌和型号, 来决定你做核磁共振是否安全. 有内部金属物体的推荐十大正规网赌平台, such as surgical clips, plates, screws or wire mesh, 可能不适合做核磁共振检查.

如果你有幽闭恐惧症的可能性，那么你必须要求你的医生为你提供抗焦虑药物，你可以在核磁共振检查之前服用. 之后你应该安排人开车送你回家.

如果你怀孕了或怀疑你可能怀孕了，你应该通知你的医疗保健提供者. To date there is no information indicating that MRI is harmful to an unborn child, 然而，不鼓励在妊娠早期进行核磁共振检查.

在一些核磁共振检查中，医生可能会要求使用造影剂，以便放射科医生在完成的图像上更好地观察内部组织和血管. 如果使用对比剂，有过敏反应的风险. 对造影剂或碘过敏或敏感的患者应通知放射科医生或技师.

There may be other risks depending on your specific medical condition. Be sure to discuss any concerns with your health care provider prior to the procedure.

如何准备乳房核磁共振检查?

EAT/DRINK 你可以像往常一样吃、喝、吃药.

CLOTHING : You must completely change into a patient gown and lock up all personal belongings. 我们将提供一个储物柜供您使用. Please remove all piercings and leave all jewelry and valuables at home.

WHAT TO EXPECT : Imaging takes place inside of a large tube-like structure, open on both ends. 为了获得高质量的图像，你必须完全静止不动. Due to the loud noise of the MRI machine, earplugs are required and will be provided.

ALLERGY : If you have had an allergic reaction to contrast that required medical treatment, contact your ordering physician to obtain the recommended prescription. You will likely take this by mouth 24, 12 and two hours prior to examination.

ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATION 如果你因为幽闭恐惧症而需要抗焦虑药物, 联系你的处方医生. 请注意，你还需要别人开车送你回家.

强磁环境 : If you have metal within your body that was not disclosed prior to your appointment, your study may be delayed, rescheduled or cancelled upon your arrival until further information can be obtained.

根据您的医疗状况，您的医疗保健提供者可能需要其他特定的准备.

当你打电话预约的时候, it is extremely important that you inform if any of the following apply to you:

• 你装了心脏起搏器或者换了心脏瓣膜

• 你有任何类型的植入式泵，比如胰岛素泵

• You have metal plates, pins, metal implants, surgical staples or aneurysm clips

• 你怀孕了，或者觉得自己可能怀孕了

• You have any body piercing

• 你戴着药物贴片

• 你有永久的眼线或纹身

• 你有过枪伤吗

• You have ever worked with metal (for example, a metal grinder or welder)

• 你身体各处都有金属碎片

• 你不能躺下30到60分钟.

乳房核磁共振检查会发生什么?

MRI may be performed on an outpatient basis or as part of your stay in a hospital. Procedures may vary depending on your condition and your doctor's practices.

一般来说，MRI遵循这个过程:

1. 你会被要求脱掉衣服, jewelry, eyeglasses, hearing aids, hairpins, removable dental work, 或其他可能干扰该过程的对象.

2. If you are asked to remove clothing, you will be given a gown to wear.

3. 如果你要做对比手术, 在手上或手臂上开始静脉注射造影剂.

4. 你将躺在扫描台上，扫描台上滑进扫描机的一个大的圆形开口. Pillows and straps may be used to prevent movement during the procedure.

5. The technologist will be in another room where the scanner controls are located. However, you will be in constant sight of the technologist through a window. Speakers inside the scanner will enable the technologist to communicate with and hear you. 你会有一个交流球，这样你就可以让技术人员知道你在手术过程中有任何问题. The technologist will be watching you at all times and will be in constant communication.

6. 医生会给你戴上耳塞或耳机，帮助你屏蔽扫描仪发出的噪音. 有些耳机可能会提供音乐供您收听.

7. 扫描过程中, 当产生磁场和从扫描仪发出无线电波脉冲时，会发出咔嗒声.

8. It will be important for you to remain very still during the examination, as any movement could cause distortion and affect the quality of the scan.

9. At intervals, 你可能会被指示屏住呼吸, or to not breathe, for a few seconds, 取决于被检查的身体部位. 然后你会被告知何时可以呼吸. You should not have to hold your breath for longer than a few seconds.

10. 如果你的手术使用了造影剂, you may feel some effects when the dye is injected into the IV line. These effects include a flushing sensation or a feeling of coldness, 咸味:口中的咸味或金属味, a brief headache, itching, or nausea and/or vomiting. 这些影响通常会持续几分钟.

11. You should notify the technologist if you feel any breathing difficulties, sweating, numbness, or heart palpitations.

12. Once the scan is complete, the table will slide out of the scanner and you will be assisted off the table.

13. If an IV line was inserted for contrast administration, the line will be removed.

而核磁共振成像本身不会引起疼痛, having to lie still for the length of the procedure might cause some discomfort or pain, particularly in the case of a recent injury or invasive procedure such as surgery. 技术人员将使用所有可能的舒适措施，并尽快完成手术，以尽量减少任何不适或疼痛.

乳房核磁共振检查后会发生什么?

当你从扫描台上起身时，你应该慢慢移动，以避免在手术过程中因俯卧而产生头晕或头晕.

如果在手术过程中使用了镇静剂, 你可能需要休息，直到镇定剂消失. 你还需要避免开车.

如果你在手术过程中使用了对比剂, you may be monitored for a period of time for any side effects or reactions to the contrast, such as itching, swelling, rash, or difficulty breathing.

If you notice any pain, redness, and/or swelling at the IV site after you return home following your procedure, 你应该通知你的医疗保健提供者, 因为这可能表明感染或其他类型的反应.

哺乳母亲可以选择在乳房核磁共振造影后12至24小时内不进行母乳喂养.

Generally, there is no special type of care required after a breast MRI scan. 你可以恢复正常的饮食和活动, 除非你的医疗保健提供者给你不同的建议.

您的医疗保健提供者可能会在手术后给您额外的或替代的指示, 这取决于你的具体情况.